The Hollimans of England, Part 4

by Glenn N. Holliman

In previous articles, Lindsay Holliman of England has been tracing his branch of the Holliman family from the time of Thomas Holyman, d 1588.  Thomas was the common great grandfather of Lindsay and myself.  One of Thomas' children stayed in Cuddington, Buckinghamshire, the ancestor of Lindsay. The story of his descendants continues including a 4th great half uncle whose story could have come from Charles Dickens.

November 2014 Glenn, left, and Lindsay Holliman, right, stand in front of the medieval market place in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England, the home of a 14th Century Richard Holyman and another probable great grandfather!

Another son, Christopher, my 9th great grandfather, married into the Lee family and moved to Sherington, Buckinghamshire.  One of Christopher's sons, Thomas moved to Bedfordshire from which one of his sons, Christopher Holyman migrated to Isle of Wight, Virginia and started most of the American Holliman (various spellings) families.

In previous postings, Allen Holleman of North Carolina, has reported on his branch in the 19th Century.  It is interesting to compare how the lives and fortunes of Old World and New World Hollimans unfolded in the 19th Century. -GNH


The English Ancestors of Lindsay Holliman continued...by Lindsay Holliman

Prior to the 17th Century, early generations in my tree appear to have been both reasonably well off and educated. Later on, however, probably as a result of being younger children, my branch became more menial and less literate. As I have written in earlier articles, the short move from Cuddington, Buckinghamshire to Long Crendon took place in the latter part of the eighteenth century, possibly following the marriage of James Holyman (ca 1767 – 1853) to Elizabeth Cook who was from Long Crendon.  Both villages are approximately 40 miles west of London.

During the 19th century many of the local women were lace makers working from home to provide supplementary income whilst being available for the children. My great great grandmother, Zillah Sherriff, was a lace maker. She was the wife of John Holyman (1831-1907) who worked at Long Crendon Manor. 

The  picture is of a Long Crendon lacemaker working outside her house in the late 1890s. It also shows Long Crendon High Street - a view which would have not changed much over the 19th century, and would have been familiar to all members of my family in Long Crendon. Lace makers worked outdoors wherever possible because the light was much superior.

 James had a half-brother, Richard (1809-1854), my half 4th great uncle, who was imprisoned in 1837 for stealing potatoes. The following are extracts of letters from Thomas Hayton, vicar of Long Crendon from 1821 to 1887. They paint a pathetic picture. (Minor editing of the letter for clarity -GNH)

Crendon, 26 May 1837

Gentlemen:

The following case I submit for your consideration, not, I hope for your approval. It is abstractly the case of the wives of labourers committed to jail on suspicion of petty thefts, whether they – the wives on application for relief - should be uniformly ordered into the workhouse. 

Richard Holliman of this parish of Long Crendon is now confined in Aylesbury jail, waiting his trial for having some potatoes on his premises, supposed not to have been his own. He has a wife and three small children under 7 years of age: she, the wife, is a woman of good character, steady, industrious habits.  

The Board of Guardians at Thame relieved her out of the workhouse two weeks, but a fortnight ago ordered her into the House, agreeably with a standing rule in reference to persons so situate. This rule, I, as guardian, never could approve being carried out rigorously into effect, inasmuch as it frequently bore unnecessarily harsh upon a poor female. 

This woman alluded to has been undergoing the severest privations rather than fall in with an order, which I cannot but consider Unenglish and against the spirit of the Poor Law. 

Starvation, however, is before her, if she does not enter the Workhouse. Doing this she must necessarily give up her Cottage, have her little goods scattered among alien hands, or sold, her garden planted with cabbages and pillaged.  Should her husband be acquitted, they will be homeless, almost castaways. These are the obvious consequences of sending her into the workhouse.   

I will not pretend to work upon your feelings by describing to you how agonizingly reluctant she is to be compelled to enter the “Prison House” as she calls it, for no fault of hers, and a supposed on of her husband’s …, I am sure you will not sanctions that which I consider to be cruel in the extreme."

Below an English Victorian Work House

The Poor Law Commissioners did not accede to Thomas Hayton’s pleading and Richard was found guilty and sentenced to six months hard labour at the House of Correction, Aylesbury. The above illustrates the hardship under which the common man existed in times gone by. It is likely that Richard helped himself to the potatoes merely to provide food for his family. This is the same Richard who was looking after his father, James, in the 1851 census. -Lindsay Holliman

Next English posting...Lindsay's ancestors migrate to the city and begin to rise economically....

Have questions about Holliman family history? You are invited to join the Hollyman Email List at Hollyman-Subscribe@yahoogroups.com and the Hollyman Family Facebook Page located on Facebook at "Hollyman Family". Post your questions and perhaps one of the dozens Holyman cousins on the list will have an answer. For more information contact Tina Peddie at desabla1@yahoo.com, the list and Facebook manager for Hollyman (and all our various spellings!).

There is also a massive Ancestry.com Holyman and Associated Families Tree available for review.  For an invitation to this collection of over 20,000 individuals, please write 
glennhistory@gmail.com.

I also have a collection of associated family manuscripts and research collected by the late Walt Holliman, Cecil Holliman and Rhodes Holliman.  Happy to send these materials by email and to insure their research is available.  The surnames: Alexander, Baldwin, Barham, Bass, Beall, Blakeney,  Baker, Bond, Bostick, Brewer, Bryan, Bryant, Bullock, Calvert, Carter, Champion, Chew,Cofer, Cole, Crafford, Crockett, Curtis, Dale, Daniel, Davidson, Davies, De Mallpas, Douglas, Duckett, Edwards, Edgerton, Emerson, Fitzhugh, Fowlehurst, Fox, Gains, Garrison, Gonson, Graves, Gray, Guyton, Guins, Hall, Hamby, Hawkins,Hendrix, Hill, Hogg, Holliman, Holt, Howard, Jackson, Jones, Judkins, Love, Lucas, Maget, Mansfield, Manwaring, McBee, McComas, McCurdy, McNewsome, Nicholson, Norsworthy, Noyall, O'dell, Oliver, Pearce, Peerce, Pettigrew, Petway, Pitman, Plow, Plyler, Porten, Prather, Petite, Ridgely, Riggan, Roberts, Smith, Spencer, Sprigg, Standley, Stanyard, Swan, Strother, Thompson, Thornton, Thrope, Trelawney, Turpin, Underhill, Underwood, Wallace, Walters, Weedon, Whitherspoon, Whitten,Williams,Wilmot,Wilson, Whitaker and Yerby.  These are mainly of Alabama families and their ancestors from the Carolinas and Virginia. Materials vary from one page to 200. - GNH at glennhistory@gmail.com.

The Hollimans of England, Part 3

by Glenn N. Holliman

In a previous posting, Lindsay Holliman of England wrote of his Holyman ancestors who live on and near Cuddington Buckinghamshire, England.  By the late 18th century, a marriage took a great grandfather from Cuddington three miles away to the village of Long Crendon.   

We continue his story below....

First some maps - Long Crendon is located half way between Oxford and Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire.

In map 2, notice how close Cuddington and Long Crendon are to each other.  Holymans also lived in Haddenham and other villages in Buckinghamshire.  Christopher Holyman, d 1588, married into the Lee family of Dinton before moving to Sherington, Bucks. from Cuddington.

 

Below, a map of Cuddington.  Note the Holyman farm in the upper center of the community.  The Cuddington Mill in left center was owned by the Holymans at one time in the 16th Century. 

The Christopher Clark family, from which most America Hollimans are descended, would be the unnamed fields to the upper right of the vicarage.  Dorothy Clark married Thomas Holyman (d 1558) and her father's name began to be handed down in the Holyman family, culminating in the immigration of Christopher Holyman's migration to Virginia in 1650.  Lindsay Holliman adds: "The Clarkes still held Ridgebarn Farm until about 1861. William Clarke was farming Ridgebarn in 1841, 1851 and 1861. Staying with him was the widowed Elizabeth Hollyman (nee Boddington). By 1871 he was farming in Bledlow - where he was born."


A Preface by Lindsay Holliman

 Until the last decade of the 18^th century, my known ancestors had been born, raised and died in Cuddington, Buckinghamshire. The family had been prominent in local life and had considerable land and property holdings – particularly in the 15^th, 16^th and early 17^th centuries. It seems that, by the latter parts of the 17^th century this had all been dissipated and my branch of the family tree were labouring. 


As indicated below, in about 1791, my family moved about 4 miles away to the larger village of Long Crendon.  Joyce Donald, in the preface to her 1979 book ‘The Letters of Thomas Hayton, Vicar of Long Crendon Buckinghamshire 1821 – 1887’  provides some insight into Long Crendon during the 18^th century. It is in this environment that the next few generations of my family lived and worked. 


'In 1824 there was enclosure of common fields. The rights of common grazing were extinguished and the large open fields were divided by neat hedges. The enclosure brought great social changes. As the land was now in blocks, it was now possible to build farm houses out in the country, and farmers could leave their old houses in the village. More land was sold for investment and then sub-let, and a new breed of farmer arrived in the village who had little concern for village people. As a result of this there were no landowners in the village.’

‘Much has been written about the idyllic 19^th century village, but Long Crendon and most other Buckinghamshire villages were plagued by appalling poverty. Population grew steadily during the first half of the century, but that of Long Crendon increased by 71% - much more than neighbouring villages.’ 


In 1847 the Bucks Advertiser wrote:  'There were no fewer than 400 people residing in the parish. They are chiefly agricultural workers who with their wives and children from want of habitation in their own parish have been drawn to Crendon to obtain a home.'


The main work in the village was on the farms but this was precarious as labourers were often laid off during the winter months. Village women had traditionally made fine lace as a cottage industry, but this was badly paid and also being squeeze by mechanically made lace from the Nottingham area. Unusually for a village, Long Crendon also had a needlemaking home industry which had been started about 1600.  There was no official school in the village until 1877. 

The above gives a flavour of life and changes in Long Crendon during the 18^th century when my family was there.

The 19th Century English Ancestors of Lindsay Holliman....by Lindsay Holliman

James Hollyman,  ca 1767 – 1853, my Great, Great, Great, Great Grandfather

James was born in Cuddington, Buckinghamshire in 1767 and baptized in the church of St Nicholas on 21 December 1767. He married Elizabeth Cook in the church of St Mary the Virgin in Long Crendon, a village three or so miles away, on 17 November 1791. They had 7 children (4 daughters and 3 sons), all of whom were born in Long Crendon. 

I suspect therefore that James moved from Cuddington to Long Crendon in 1791 when he married. Elizabeth died on 20 May 1807 and was buried in Long Crendon church. James then remarried six months later (no doubt to get help looking after all his many children!) on 30 November 1807 – to Elizabeth Wright. 

 James and the second Elizabeth then had 4 children – 3 sons and 1 daughter. In the 1841 census (the earliest English census to have survived) James was an agricultural labourer and I suspect that he had been such all his life. His second wife died on 6 January 1851 and by the time of the 1851 census three months later James was living with his son Richard. James died in 1853 and was buried at Long Crendon on 14 September 1853.

James Hollyman, 1797 – 1866, my Great, Great, Great Grandfather

James was the fourth child of the marriage of James and the first Elizabeth. He was born in late 1797 and was christened at Long Crendon on 12 January 1798. He too was an agricultural labourer who lived all his life in Long Crendon at various addresses. 

James married Sarah Hendry in about 1821 and they had 5 children – Thomas, Ann, Jane, Charles and John. James died on 20 May 1866 and was buried at St Mary the Virgin church two days later. James had been a widower for about 6 years. His surname was Hollyman in earlier years but was, on occasions, Holliman. 

Below, Long Crendon in the 1890s...the thatched cottages survive into the 21st Century.

Next more on Lindsay's ancestors and their participation in the growing affluence of English life in the 19th and 20th Centuries....


Have questions about Holliman family history? You are invited to join the Hollyman Email List at Hollyman-Subscribe@yahoogroups.com and the Hollyman Family Facebook Page located on Facebook at "Hollyman Family". Post your questions and perhaps one of the dozens Holyman cousins on the list will have an answer. For more information contact Tina Peddie at desabla1@yahoo.com, the list and Facebook manager for Hollyman (and all our various spellings!).

There is also a massive Ancestry.com Holyman and Associated Families Tree available for review.  For an invitation to this collection of over 18,000 individuals, please write glennhistory@gmail.com.